tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46639337611403300962024-03-05T04:56:35.476-08:00Big Issues, Successor to the Scholars' Survival ManualPLEASE GO TO https://martinkriegerthinking.blogspot.com
FOR A CONTINUATION OF THIS BLOG.
Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.comBlogger368125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-17265098327430404572018-08-31T08:33:00.000-07:002018-08-31T08:33:33.646-07:00End of This Blog. New one is martinkriegerthinking.blogspot.com.It's time to let go of this blog and begin anew at <a href="http://martinkriegerthinking.blogspot.com/">martinkriegerthinking.blogspot.com</a><br />
<br />Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-32881037295482131222017-10-10T17:33:00.003-07:002017-10-10T17:33:27.124-07:00BIG Issues<span style="font-size: large;">Themes:</span><div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><u>Uncertainty</u>--when you haven't a clue, when it makes little sense to pretend you have information, when probability, markets, and strategy are unlikely to be of great use.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><u>The End of (Economic) Growth</u>--If Robert Gordon is correct that we have been living high on the hog from 1870-1970, plus a decade from 1994-2004, in effect floating on a rising tide, and that tide is now going out not likely to return in the next decades, what does that mean?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><u>Intractable Problems</u>, for which we can do something, but they return or are never worked out. Matters of race, of insufficient education and training, of deliberate attempts to game the system being justified, congestion and the time it absorbs. There are the recurrent issues of nuclear war and epidemic, of disaster and inadequate preparation and resilience, and of young people finding themselves leading lives that are criminal and dangerous. Alcohol and opiates and conventional addictive drugs.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><u>The University of the Future</u>--The notion of teaching is becoming a matter of didactic and instructional efficiency, with matters of modeling and mentoring, of thinking and criticism, falling by the wayside. The research enterprise is almost surely too big, and the incentives for research force people who would otherwise do something useful into a world of weak scholarship. Likely, about 20% of our research productive-scholars would be more than enough. Fischer Black said something to the effect that we ought be paid to teach, in effect to discourage research that is not driven by the need to find out.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: 200%;">"I</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: 200%;">see our university system as similar
to the former Soviet empire, and as having similar problems . . . teaching and research
are too uniform. They do not respond quickly to shifts in tastes and
technology. . . . And, most important, teaching and research cost too much. . .
. The basic problem is that we have too much research, and the wrong kind of
research, because governments, firms, foundations, and generous alumni support
it.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4663933761140330096#_edn1" name="_ednref1" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[i]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><u>Counting and Scaling</u>: Often when we enumerate something, perhaps weighting each case by a function of that case's "energy" or significance, we end up with a sum that exhibits scaling--much as a sum the values of identical independent random variables produces a distribution, often a Gaussian, that builds in such scaling. What is going on?</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;">I'm sure there's lots more, but this is just a beginning.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br clear="all" />
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<h1 style="line-height: 200%;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4663933761140330096#_ednref1" name="_edn1" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[i]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">.P. Mehrling, <span class="a-size-large"><i>Fischer Black and the
Revolutionary Idea of Finance</i>. New York: Wiley, 2005, pp. 300-301.</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-51399585042631404592017-10-10T17:16:00.002-07:002017-10-10T17:16:12.139-07:00Big Issues: the Future of this Blog<span style="font-size: large;">In future posts I will be writing about the biggest issues, leaving aside the concerns with the academic life that have informed this blog since it began. There is little new to say about Scholars' Survival, and I will leave it to other. But it makes sense to take on other issues...</span>Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-45001867293506515172017-10-09T18:45:00.001-07:002017-10-09T18:45:08.138-07:00The Hiatus in this BlogI realize that there has been a six month hiatus in the blog. I will try to start up again.<br />
MKMartin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-23480875895993087372017-10-09T18:43:00.002-07:002017-10-09T18:43:21.365-07:00The Post-Postgrowth Era (Robert Gordon...)<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perhaps I am the last of you to have looked at
Robert Gordon's 2016 book on the history of American economic growth. But
if not, Gordon's study has deep implications for what we are trying to do in
our teaching and research.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Briefly, the great spurt of 1870-1970 in American economic growth
was a one-time wonder. What has happened since is greater inequality, where
most of the growth goes to the top 1%. He outlines the big headwinds we
face--demographic, for example. We can through various aspects of tax policy
make a difference (but those aspects are very different than the ones proposed
by Trump/Ryan/McConnell).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The book is sobering. Most of our students, and all of our
faculty, came of age during the period when growth has been slowing down.
There are no signs that that slowdown is about to end. When we look back to
that period pre-1970, we are likely ignoring the evidence of the last almost 50
years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We might be asking ourselves: <u>What are the best policy,
planning, and development strategies in these times of ongoing slow growth,</u> where
in fact whatever we do in terms of policy little will change. Yes, increasing
skilled immigrants, more progressive taxation, etc., will help, but the major
forces of the past are no longer available. Of course, economic growth is not
the only measure of societal well being, so we might look elsewhere for
resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If I have misread the book, please correct me. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">---------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14.0pt;">As long as I
have been involved with planning and policy schools, now almost fifty years,
there have been two pervasive themes: inequality/empowerment and
efficiency/fairness. If we increased wages, then producers would be encouraged
to invest in more efficient machinery and organization, so providing one source
of robustness. For industries where technological improvements were not
available, as in universities and symphonies, no such efficiencies were
possible and so costs and prices have risen disproportionately, as
William Baumol argued years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14.0pt;">My
involvement has been in this period of slower growth, where it is unlikely
that any of the sources of 1870-1970 were available to supply windfall bonuses.
And it is unlikely, according to Gordon, to have those sources available any
time soon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14.0pt;">For
a public policy school, one with a substantial concern for urban development
and for a major institution such as health, what should we be teaching?
Presumably, there is still room for marginal improvements on the efficiency
frontier, and so much of what we teach and research is exactly at that point.
What we do not yet provide is a way of thinking and working to a different
future, a different conception of policy, planning, etc.--although there is
enormous room to work on inequality and fairness. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Those
who feel left out but who had benefitted unwittingly from the great growth
period, in a sense the archetype of the Trump base (I have no idea if that is a
good category), are likely to find the future rather more disenchanted--for
they thought that their well being was a matter of their own initiative
and hard work, when in fact it was rather a matter of a rising tide on which
they floated. Finding various scapegoats or sources of their disenchantment,
they miss the point that the tide as gone out never to return in their
lifetimes. It is tragic and comic at the same time. (Curiously, the great
demographic transition in the US, from workers to retirees, would be in part
remedied by more immigration rather than less. Or, the availability of
contraceptives and ready abortions likely reduced the population of those
potential to become low-level law-breakers, and hence the decline of
crime in the last decade or two--and hence, given recent political moves, the
likely rise in the next two decades.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Those
who might be called liberal or centrist are warranted to work on inequality,
but that too won't make the tide return, although fairness is a political good.
Regulation of the world of money and finance makes it less likely we have
epidemics of imprudent risk-taking, but I am "encouraged" by
human device and desire in the world of greed and gaming.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14.0pt;">So
what are we doing in our fields? If it is marginal improvement, that is
very important. But as far as I can tell, there is little in the way of
invention, political or technical or ..., that would point the way forward. I
remain grateful for medical advances in the last fifty years, for computational
improvements that lead to new ways of living, and for mechanical improvements
that make for LA's better air (albeit big trucks and our port are still major
sources of crud in the air). Little compares to antibiotics, the telephone or
even IBM 360 machines, or the automatic transmission, though.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-3593465732261706742017-04-19T16:51:00.001-07:002017-04-19T16:51:30.379-07:00Printing our Digital Images, Scanned Negatives, and the Limits of the Digital.<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 18.6667px;">
I print out some of my digital or digitized color images using a color xerox machine. They look ok, until you get close up and realize that what you will see are the dot patterns of the screen. If I printed them out on a inkjet printer (or even at Walgreens), one that was good on photos, the deeper details would be retained. I will have to find out.</div>
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Put differently, insofar as a photograph will necessarily capture all that is within the purview of the lens and film, there is usually lots more than we attend to--details, and whatnot in the fore/background, whatever. When we make a print, we are selective but also give up lots of the detail, usually. Yet for archival purposes you want everything. Hence the archives we have of digital images, and often of scanned negatives and transparencies, are abstractions from the originals. Yes, you can get better resolution up to the Nyquist limit in a digital, but film loses its resolution more gently and may go further (albeit with weak quality) than the digital sensor or scan. None of this is new or surprising, since what we save is often such an abstraction, whether it be sound or materials or images.</div>
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One might argue that digital will become much more capable as we get more resolving sensors. I believe that will be the case. And a well scanned negative will print better than the negative itself (at least in most enlargers), since you are not demanding anything of the enlarger lens since it has been replaced, for a scan, with a lens that is typically of fine quality since it need not cover a large area. The mechanics of the scanner is also important.</div>
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Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-65859743256567995732017-04-17T16:25:00.000-07:002017-04-17T16:25:13.428-07:00Tragedy and Being "Research Productive."<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 18.6667px;">
When tragedy strikes, what is most important is to care for yourself, and if nearby others can care a bit for you, ask. </div>
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A friend described her situation: </div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: wf_segoe-ui_normal, "Segoe UI", "Segoe WP", Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">I am living my life post-mortem, and that I'm supposed to fit in the clothes and shoes, eat the food, live the life, of a person who is now dead, as if i am an imposter unable to connect with a person whose place i have taken.</span></div>
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The description is poignant and concrete. She is eloquent in talking about herself, with a genuine of literary and psychological insight. It may be useful try a diary or a memo about how you feel, if only to write such wonderful prose. </div>
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People are always saying something like: just snap out of it, you'll get over it, get down to working--you'll be fine. They do not acknowledge tragedy, and wounds that won't just heal--the wounds are chronic although you do learn to live with them and go on, eventually.</div>
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I do believe it is good to read, to think, to write oneself notes about what's on your mind, future projects, etc. But real work demands a level of presence that may not be available. In a culture of "research productive faculty," there's insufficient room for tragedy or thinking that takes time. </div>
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That I know all of what I say here does not insulate me from believing I should be able to just produce.</div>
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Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-64279397731211446432017-04-06T15:36:00.001-07:002017-04-06T15:56:06.180-07:00Rereading Some of My Earlier Books<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 18.6667px;">
I have no idea if this will be of wider interest, but I am recording what I have just experienced.</div>
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I have been thinking about <i>What next?</i> in my work. Usually, I do not reread my books once they come out, unless for another edition or some such reason. In any case, I just reread four of my books, from 1982, 1989, 2000, and 2011. (I had a much clearer sense of the contents of the 1992, 1996 (2), 2003, and 2013 books.) Each chapter of each book is a distinct essay or a study of a particular example, linked together by the Introduction and other materials.</div>
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1. <span style="font-size: 14pt;">I realized that most of the themes that have concerned me over the years were there, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">developed</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> in some detail and elaboration, even though I </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">did not now recall what I wrote then. </span>Much of what I might have written about in future work was already worked out in these earlier books. (In general, to be effective in scholarship, you have to say the same thing, in different ways or with further elaborations, several times. So, what was said earlier might still be reimagined and expanded.) <span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>
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2. Moreover, I was struck by my <i>analytic descriptions</i> of various phenomena in planning, public policy, and design. There is a consistency in my approach (or you might call it a lack of inventiveness) to thinking about the world. Moreover, those analytic descriptions are not abstractions, per se. Rather they have particular examples and situations in mind, and I am trying to find out what is essential in those examples and situations and in related examples and situations. <i>Analogy</i> characterizes how I think about the world, and I even write about that mode of thinking (presumably using analogy). My descriptions are generic descriptions, using a mildly technical vocabulary, of the particular cases, in light of other cases (the analogy) and their description.</div>
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3. I tried again and again to write without polemic or taking advantage of positions with which I did not concur. For me, it was a matter of providing an adequate description, borrowing from whichever theoretical or ideological perspective that would serve my description.</div>
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4. I had forgotten how much I had been influenced by my reading of Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, and Heidegger, and books about Husserl, and how useful those authors' works were for me. When I use the term "useful," I am saying that my concern was not to faithfully present their thought, so much as to find in their thinking and writing what I needed to do my descriptions.</div>
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Right now, I have little idea how I came to think in terms of analogy and analytic description, not even sure who are my models for such work.</div>
Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-3257547398180864462017-01-30T18:18:00.003-08:002017-02-01T17:10:44.683-08:00Having a Sense of What You are Up To<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 18.6667px;">
It is useful to write yourself a paragraph or two about what you are up to. You are doing some sort of research, or preparing to do such research. But that research lives in a larger environment of others' research and the policy realm. If you can see what you are doing in that larger perspective, you will have a better sense of where you might be going.</div>
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Even senior scholars benefit from such an account of what they are doing. Often, they are so productive, the larger questions are put aside to get the work done. Perhaps they will win an award or become a member of an honorary society, and their friends who are trying to have them admitted will write such an account. But I believe it is useful for the actual scholar to do so.</div>
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Over the years I have been forced to write such an account for myself, as I apply for fellowships and grants that are much less specific than are most of my colleagues' projects. I have to tell a story that makes sense of the diverse materials I have worked on, and why and how they fit into that larger context. </div>
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<span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif, apple color emoji, segoe ui emoji, notocoloremoji, segoe ui symbol, android emoji, emojisymbols;">My initial attempt, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">what I had written below in greyed italics was too compressed to be understood more widely. Let me try to extend it a bit, so that it will be understood in two ways--What does this have to do with planning and public policy? and, What are the concrete instances of this work? It totals to</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 18.6667px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">174</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 18.6667px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">words. Don't be concerned if you leave out some things--rather be sure that what you include is effective and a good description. </span></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">Over the years, I have written about: </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"> --the artificiality of the natural environment;</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"> --the probability of doom; </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"> --how abrupt collective changes (such as neighborhood tipping) may come about through the interaction of individuals; </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"> --the ideas built into seemingly innocent mathematical techniques or physical models; </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"> --how actors such as entrepreneurs and special forces in the armed services make decisions and commitments; </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"> --how big decisions are made and justified (as in infrastructure investments);</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"> --and, in the last fifteen years, I have pursued systematic photographic documentation of Los Angeles (storefront churches, people at work in industry,...) and written about doing such documentation.</span></i></div>
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<i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #666666;"> M<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;">y concern is with models or ways of thinking that might appear algebraic or quantitative, and ways of acting and </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;">thinking that are better understood in the sacred realm of commitment and sacrifice. Topically, </span>I have been concerned with mathematical and physical models in planning and cities, the environment both natural and built, and actors and the decisions they make--each of which cuts across the quantitative/sacred divide.</span><span style="color: #444444;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"> [Early on, I was quite surprised that I needed to understand religious discourse and thinking if I was to do my work.]</span></div>
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I just wrote the above, but of course I have been saying something like it for years. My point here is that you want to see yourself in a more objective way.</div>
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Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-19008347544547667462016-12-02T16:14:00.000-08:002016-12-02T16:17:17.929-08:00Academic Roadkill. Who will bear a next generation...Parents as Professors<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/audio/2016/12/02/academic-roadkill" target="_blank"><span style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #646464;">https://www.insidehighered.com/audio/2016/12/02/academic-roadkill</span></span><span style="color: #646464; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">Martin Krieger</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">No one wants to become academic roadkill. </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">Here is my contribution today to </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"><i>The Academic Minute.</i></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> Above is a link to the actual podcast.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">-------------------------------</span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; color: #646464; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">I have watched many a faculty member walk in front of an oncoming truck, ask, “What truck?” and become academic roadkill. You don’t want to follow their lead. Drawing from my book, <i>The Scholar’s Survival Manual</i> and a new book ms, …</span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; color: #646464; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">It’s the work that counts. What is your project? What is the Big Idea? Tell a story about what you are doing. Buried in the manuscript is the main point—will a reader notice it? In the Introduction, have you presented the main idea and explained it?</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Organize, Draft, Rewrite, and then Submit—first to a colleague, then to a publication venue, and perhaps then to another venue.</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Quality matters, scrupulous matters, getting it out matters. Audience matter.</span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; color: #646464; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Teaching and Seminars are the occasion to give away the Main Idea, or to find out the spearker’s.. Find out, What is Really Going On in the speaker’s talk. You have to be an active listener.</span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; color: #646464; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Now, You have a job in a bureaucracy. Do what you are supposed to do, and if not find a more suitable position. Stay out of nonsense. Realize that you are at a particular stage in your career.</span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; color: #646464; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">You will need the Kindness of Strangers, even if you have a home-run dossier at promotion and tenure time.</span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; color: #646464; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">And, You’ll need a Go-Bag, so that if the bureaucracy is unresponsive to you, you can find another landing pad. Grants and External Support allow you to do your work, and they keep the Dean away. Do you owe them, or do they owe you?</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Just because you are in a fine position, does not mean you are worthy.</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">And, Likely another truck is coming at You. It is already too late if you are asking, “What truck?”</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I have been telling friends that the universities have yet to adequately address the fact that a next generation depends on women to have babies, and that in our society Mama not only bears the child but is likely to have to take major responsibility for bringing up baby and child. Papa may well be helpful, but in general Mama is expected to take on most of the work. My insight is not sociological but personal, having adopted a newborn on my own when I was 42 and an untenured associate professor, his having "special needs" discovered when he was 4 1/2, and his now being a gracious gentleman at age 30. The surprising outcome was that bringing up baby, so to speak, allowed me to write 8 books and plenty of articles--the focus was so essential. I did not travel much, few meetings, but was a good teacher and contributed to university service. I did attend lots of seminars with a child in tow, a child who played with LEGO during the seminar. BUT although my rank did not indicate it, when I was 42, I had published many significant articles, one book and had another in process, and had received major fellowships. And I did give up what most of us would consider a social life. I took what I could get, a job. I am the exception that proves the rule.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />Here is an interview with concerning these issues. (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__www.insidehighered.com_%26d%3DDgMFAg%26c%3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI%26r%3DrXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw%26m%3DG4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8%26s%3DPXqQcgZxtvu4nFuTDAyXk7zNpzhinFx_rrBLb0OQzoE%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1480807946602000&usg=AFQjCNETOfQ7dmBk0uvHgUcEBaMPreDo2g" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.insidehighered.com_&d=DgMFAg&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=rXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw&m=G4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8&s=PXqQcgZxtvu4nFuTDAyXk7zNpzhinFx_rrBLb0OQzoE&e=" id="m_8552910103414824212LPlnk4451" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank" title="https://www.insidehighered.com/
Cmd&#43;Click or tap to follow the link"><span style="color: black;">https://www.insidehighered.<wbr></wbr>com</span></a>)</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Q&A with authors of new book on balancing home and work life as an academic scientist</span></h2>
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<span class="m_8552910103414824212submitted"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Submitted by Colleen Flaherty on December 2, 2016 - 3:00am</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Much of the literature on balancing faculty and home life centers on women. There’s talk of<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__www.insidehighered.com_news_2013_06_06_new-2Dbook-2Dgender-2Dfamily-2Dand-2Dacademe-2Dshows-2Dhow-2Dkids-2Daffect-2Dcareers-2Dhigher-2Deducation%26d%3DDgMFAg%26c%3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI%26r%3DrXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw%26m%3DG4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8%26s%3D1RctjTdNaPR3Q5WThJgC7MGTKqNaFdtl6pwtSVKuN4E%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1480807946602000&usg=AFQjCNH0JdmXhd4nu6x9jiCkwCmPF9061w" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.insidehighered.com_news_2013_06_06_new-2Dbook-2Dgender-2Dfamily-2Dand-2Dacademe-2Dshows-2Dhow-2Dkids-2Daffect-2Dcareers-2Dhigher-2Deducation&d=DgMFAg&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=rXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw&m=G4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8&s=1RctjTdNaPR3Q5WThJgC7MGTKqNaFdtl6pwtSVKuN4E&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"><span style="color: black;"> the “baby penalty”</span></a> </span><span class="m_8552910103414824212print-footnote"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt;">[1]</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> for women who choose to have children, for example.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">A new book, based on five years of research involving academic scientists, sheds more light on the struggles of both men and women as they try to grow their careers and their families. <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttp-3A__nyupress.org_books_9781479843121_%26d%3DDgMFAg%26c%3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI%26r%3DrXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw%26m%3DG4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8%26s%3D_rgjHtDnZwbbweBTc1wlBjurTMoSxKvct8TrowPEVbQ%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1480807946602000&usg=AFQjCNH07VjY7nusSap7xUAlnePU2ly-yA" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__nyupress.org_books_9781479843121_&d=DgMFAg&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=rXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw&m=G4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8&s=_rgjHtDnZwbbweBTc1wlBjurTMoSxKvct8TrowPEVbQ&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"><em><span style="color: black;">Failing Families, Failing Science: Work-Family Conflict in Academic Science</span></em></a> </span><span class="m_8552910103414824212print-footnote"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt;">[2]</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> (New York University Press) is based on the idea that work-life balance is not an issue exclusive to women -- and must be addressed with gender-neutral solutions. Failure to meet that challenge will result in a dangerous talent drain away from academic science, warn authors Elaine Howard Ecklund, the Herbert S. Autrey Chair in Social Sciences at Rice University, and Anne E. Lincoln, associate professor of sociology at Southern Methodist University.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Ecklund and Lincoln participated in a written discussion about the book.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Q: The book draws on 2,000 surveys of junior and senior scientists and in-depth interviews. Can you share a bit more about your methodology? What did you want to know, about whom?</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Ecklund: </span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">We surveyed biologists and physicists at 20 top American universities in late 2008 and early 2009 and then followed up over the next few years with 150 in-depth interviews with a random sample of those who responded to the survey. We spent three years collecting data and two years analyzing data on the lives of junior and senior scientists at top U.S. research universities; through a survey of 2,503 scientists and in-depth interviews, they captured both the breadth that comes from surveying a large number of scientists and the depth that comes from face-to face discussions.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">This is a book about how women and men who are scientists at the top U.S. research universities negotiate family life and how the strategies they use will change science. The inability to balance life as a scientist with life as a parent is more than a personal issue or a women’s issue. It is a structural failure resulting from the expectation that the “ideal” scientist will prioritize complete and utter devotion to career above all else.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Q: What are your major findings? How did they differ by gender?</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Lincoln: </span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">When this research began, we planned to tell the story of how scientists perceive women’s achievements in science and impediments to achievement for women in science. As research often does, ours uncovered something we were not expecting. While women definitely discussed discrimination in science, we were surprised to find that both women and men mostly talked with us about work-family dynamics in science.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">We find that indeed women are hit harder by the pressures of elite academic science, and there is definitely “a motherhood penalty” (we devote a chapter of our book to discussing it). But the institution of science -- and academic science, in particular -- is bad for those who want to have children or pursuits outside of their careers, bad for both men and women.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Perhaps most importantly and most consequential for universities, our five years of research reveals that early-career academic scientists struggle with balancing their work and family lives. This struggle is stopping many young scientists from pursuing positions at top research universities -- or further pursuing academic science at all -- a circumstance that comes at great cost to our national science infrastructure.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Q: Can you talk a little bit more about the challenges early-career scientists face?</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Ecklund: </span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Reaching the level of tenured faculty, the pinnacle of achievement in academia, is a more momentous task than it has ever been. Four years of undergraduate studies are followed by four to six or more years of Ph.D. work. By the time a scientist earns her doctorate, she is likely to be in her late 20s, the time in the life course when most Americans are beginning to settle down. Scientists still must undertake at least one, and increasingly multiple, postdoctoral appointments, which usually range from two to six years, and because many postdoctoral positions are dependent on grant funding, they do not offer the competitive pay, benefits or stability of private-sector jobs.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Next comes an appointment as an assistant professor, lasting five to seven years, and finally -- if successful! -- a tenured associate professor appointment. At this point, most scientists are in their late 30s or early 40s, well past the time most Americans have started raising children. The time as a tenure-track professor is perhaps the most intense and stressful in an academic life, with no specific timeline for moving from associate to full professor. In this highly competitive and lengthy process, when is the right time to start a family? Scientists in academia often feel they have to wait until they are tenured, a perception that has led to a trend of later childbearing among scientists.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Q: How does the book add to the existing literature on work-life balance in the sciences?</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Lincoln:</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> Nearly all of the literature on work-life balance in the sciences focuses on women’s experiences. That work is needed, but our work takes the tension between family life and the calling of scientific work out of its current framing as just a “woman’s problem” to talk about the experiences of both men and women. The tension of scientists balancing work and family is really a structural problem for universities and national science bodies, like the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Q: What are the particular challenges that academic scientists face, as opposed to other scientists and/or faculty members in other disciplines?</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Ecklund: </span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Among all academic disciplines and all professions, scientific disciplines increasingly require longer training and more travel, core structural factors that impinge on family life. Furthermore, researchers find that, when compared with middle- and working-class occupations, the professions, such as medicine, law and banking, have been slower to accommodate workers with families -- and universities are particularly poor at accommodating family life. They’re often far behind the corporate world in providing family-friendly workplaces.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Today, academic scientists must keep multiple complex tasks going simultaneously, which might in any one day include lab management, teaching and applying for funding. At the same time, universities are providing fewer and fewer administrative supports.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Q: What are the implications of your findings for higher education? What’s at stake when academics feel they can’t find balance between work and home?</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Lincoln: </span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">We are finding that some of our best and brightest will leave science.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Q: What are your recommendations for higher education? What can institutions do to help? How should science as a whole respond?</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Ecklund: </span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Universities need to follow the most family-friendly corporations. Provide child care centers that are affordable for all scientists. Provide better nonstandard child care benefits, like child care credits for when scientists need to travel for scientific work and need to take their children with them. Make leaves and stopping tenure clocks automatic upon the birth of a child. Develop checks and balances at the department level. Empower individuals to change cultures. The last chapter of our book provides extensive recommendations for universities and science departments, as well as national scientific funding bodies, like the NIH and the NSF.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Source URL:</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__www.insidehighered.com_news_2016_12_02_qa-2Dauthors-2Dnew-2Dbook-2Dbalancing-2Dhome-2Dand-2Dwork-2Dlife-2Dacademic-2Dscientist-3Fwidth-3D775-26height-3D500-26iframe-3Dtrue%26d%3DDgMFAg%26c%3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI%26r%3DrXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw%26m%3DG4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8%26s%3DOBAzZ738fUmoKBcI9ZyGqfNHEwsczAHqlnec4RSWOBE%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1480807946602000&usg=AFQjCNHt7WkeoQv4jrPpM9H4-ZCYwlhC4A" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.insidehighered.com_news_2016_12_02_qa-2Dauthors-2Dnew-2Dbook-2Dbalancing-2Dhome-2Dand-2Dwork-2Dlife-2Dacademic-2Dscientist-3Fwidth-3D775-26height-3D500-26iframe-3Dtrue&d=DgMFAg&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=rXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw&m=G4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8&s=OBAzZ738fUmoKBcI9ZyGqfNHEwsczAHqlnec4RSWOBE&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"><span style="color: black;">https://www.<wbr></wbr>insidehighered.com/news/2016/<wbr></wbr>12/02/qa-authors-new-book-<wbr></wbr>balancing-home-and-work-life-<wbr></wbr>academic-scientist?width=775&<wbr></wbr>height=500&iframe=true</span></a></span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Links:</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br />[1] <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__www.insidehighered.com_news_2013_06_06_new-2Dbook-2Dgender-2Dfamily-2Dand-2Dacademe-2Dshows-2Dhow-2Dkids-2Daffect-2Dcareers-2Dhigher-2Deducation%26d%3DDgMFAg%26c%3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI%26r%3DrXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw%26m%3DG4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8%26s%3D1RctjTdNaPR3Q5WThJgC7MGTKqNaFdtl6pwtSVKuN4E%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1480807946602000&usg=AFQjCNH0JdmXhd4nu6x9jiCkwCmPF9061w" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.insidehighered.com_news_2013_06_06_new-2Dbook-2Dgender-2Dfamily-2Dand-2Dacademe-2Dshows-2Dhow-2Dkids-2Daffect-2Dcareers-2Dhigher-2Deducation&d=DgMFAg&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=rXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw&m=G4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8&s=1RctjTdNaPR3Q5WThJgC7MGTKqNaFdtl6pwtSVKuN4E&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">https://www.insidehighered.<wbr></wbr>com/news/2013/06/06/new-book-<wbr></wbr>gender-family-and-academe-<wbr></wbr>shows-how-kids-affect-careers-<wbr></wbr>higher-education</a><br />[2] <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttp-3A__nyupress.org_books_9781479843121_%26d%3DDgMFAg%26c%3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI%26r%3DrXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw%26m%3DG4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8%26s%3D_rgjHtDnZwbbweBTc1wlBjurTMoSxKvct8TrowPEVbQ%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1480807946602000&usg=AFQjCNH07VjY7nusSap7xUAlnePU2ly-yA" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__nyupress.org_books_9781479843121_&d=DgMFAg&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=rXrp8in1YTFCyhR9LJ5Ncw&m=G4YKvK7D45wQNX3RFWDFc44_eLG4BrJubZWGakDN3g8&s=_rgjHtDnZwbbweBTc1wlBjurTMoSxKvct8TrowPEVbQ&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://nyupress.org/books/<wbr></wbr>9781479843121/</a></span></div>
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Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-68172523598637714332016-11-30T21:43:00.000-08:002016-12-01T10:02:26.442-08:00Don't be a Klutz, Boor, or ...<span style="font-size: large;">I am told stories of administrators (deans, provosts, even presidents) who sacrifice their authority when they talk to colleagues.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">1. You may not want to give your colleague a raise, but it does you no good to systematically diminish their achievements in front of them. You might say, I will see what I can do about it, and I'll get back to you by the end of the month. We do appreciate your contributions to scholarship. Our department has become much stronger, and so the competition for salary increases has become much greater. You are surely part of that improvement.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">2. You may really wish your colleague to head this major task force, but they tell you their parents are in hospital and need attention. You do not say, I am sorry to see you sacrifice your career for transient family issues. You might say, Please give this a bit further consideration. I fully understand the demands of family, but perhaps in a week or two you will find the inner strength to serve family and institution. We wish you and your family the very best.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">3. A faculty member may have caused you great trouble, and have set themselves up to be dismissed. Your letter to them should be circumspect, and include no insulting remarks or personal disrespect. Rather, you might say, We regret the need to separate you from the university, given your years of faithful service, but we have no choice.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">You do not have to agree with your colleague. You may have to listen to them go on knowing that they are self-centered and mistaken. What you must do, and this is part of your job, is to listen, make sympathetic remarks, indicate objective constraints you face, and say you will get back to them. And then get back to them, even if you are saying the No you might have said in the conversation--with enough kind words to make you seem both appreciative and incapable of satisfying them.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">You may feel inferior, even if you do not recognize that feeling yourserlf (others surely do), to your colleague who is so strong as a scholar, much stronger in fact than you are. You are the dean or chair, say, and you are no longer evaluated on your scholarship, but on your leadership and administrative capacity. You want to have colleagues who are much stronger than you, and you want to be responsive to their needs, if you can. You want to come from strength, and that strength may be different than their strength.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">You never indulge your anger, your resentment, etc. You get paid the big bucks, this is just at your pay grade, and your job is to be responsive and sympathetic while not letting their temper tantrums and special pleading get in the way of doing the best job you can. Moreover, ask your closest friends or your spouse, Am I considerate of those who work for or with me. Do I allow myself to be impolite or insulting to those over whom I have power or who serve me. Of course, if you are inconsiderate or insulting you may well needlessly hurt colleagues and staff. But even more significantly, perhaps, your reputation as a boor or klutz will follow (or lead) you far and wide. It's a smaller world than we believe, and gossip of this sort is the currency in the scholarly world. If you are a considerate and responsive person, that too will be echoed.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Moreover, if you and your colleagues create a welcoming and supportive environment, you will find it much easier to appoint new faculty, at whatever level. That reputation will be well known, and give you an advantage that money and perks cannot buy. On the other hand, if you and your colleagues and your department or university comes to be known as a place where unfairness and "politics" dominate, that too will be widely shared. Money and perks are unlikely to compensate for that. Keep in mind, <b>You want to appoint and retain the strongest faculty you can recruit. </b>Nothing you say will in the end do more for your institution's reputation than the work of your colleagues. If Coca-Cola did not taste good, no amount of advertising about how Coke makes your life wonderful will work.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-69008755473535794732016-11-26T08:55:00.003-08:002016-11-26T08:59:06.067-08:00Contributions to Scholarship, Visibility, Salience, Citations. . .<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;">
<span style="font-size: large;">You want your work to be seen by others, to be used in furthering their work, and take up space in the scholarly realm. You don't want just "another publication." You want your work to be seen and published in a journal of some repute. [I get all these emails from journals promising citations and publication, but they are unlikely to be strong or worthy of my or your effort.] You want others to note your name in the Table of Contents and turn to that page, especially if the title is also informative. You don't need to produce work that is insignificant or weak--it takes just as long to do a good paper as a weak one.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">If you find that you are not one of the strongest scholars in your field, and by definition most of us will so find ourselves, you want to do the best work you can, find a niche where your contribution is useful and valued, and go to work. Ours is a collective enterprise, and fields move forward through a wide range of contributions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Your work must be substantial, and you must present it so that its strengths are evident, and you take responsibility for its weaknesses or limits. In general, most papers should represent about a person-year of work, and if there are five authors it's unlikely that you can do the paper in 1/5th the time. If you have a large project, you may want to publish several papers out of it, but each should be substantial. And having papers appear in different, but strong, venues will make it likely someone interested will find out about the work. Of course, present the work ahead of time at meetings, and if you are more established you have the chance to talk about the work at various departments and so get useful criticism before you do a final draft. But early on in your career this is less likely. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Make sure the title gives away the whole story. Cute is nice, but substantive is better. "The Market for Lemons," by Akerlof, was cute and substantive, but few of us are so inventive. Better "boring" and informative, than cute and obscure. A typical mistaken title might be, <i>Whose Ox is Gored: A Study in Academic Committee Meetings</i>, when the right title is, <i>Passive Aggressive Behavior in University Committee Meetings</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">You want to think in terms of <u>contributions</u> to scholarship, rather than numbers of articles or pages. The latter matter, surely, but in the end, it is the contributions that make a difference. Cumulative contributions are usually needed, since no one is likely to follow up on your work at first. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Get your advisor or mentor to help you aim high and appropriately. Good advisors or mentors want their students to do better than they have done, for to have successful students is perhaps the greatest testimony to a professor.</span></div>
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Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-76851928357301780162016-11-26T08:38:00.000-08:002016-11-26T08:38:09.654-08:00Making Your Papers Credible. Your Need for an Advisor or Protector. The Kindness of Strangers.<span style="font-size: large;">Recently, a physician-researcher I know asked me to read over a paper, since it had trouble with the journals. The problems I found are exemplary, and worthy of note and avoiding:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">1. Make your claim credible. If you have weak numbers and statistics, but have found something interesting, present it as such. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">So what I did was the following, writing a new first paragraph of the paper:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span rtenodeid="1" style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We provide tantalizing evidence that the long-term consequences of dislocation, here due to disaster, may be very different than the literature might suggest. Namely, those who are displaced and move away permanently do better than those who stay. The data are not strong statistically, the comparison group and the convenience sampling is not so rigorous as one might desire, and there is reason to believe the leavers are better educated than the stayers. No one has been able to ask this question before, with data, so in part we are writing to encourage further inquiry. We should note that the literature in city planning suggests that those who were displaced by urban renewal and the disruption of their close knit community, thrive in their new environment of suburban homes. (Herbert Gans, The Urban Villagers and The Levittowners)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Suddenly, the work is in an entirely different context. And rather than some sort of narrative about the data, I suggested a table of the information and a discussion of where the results were manifestly strong, with a proviso about statistical reliability.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">That I have provided a new first paragraph for the paper and a new context is just what I do, and some other scholars might do. I had a friend who would write introductions for his students' papers, putting the work in context. I suspect I am quite good at this (I listen for the music, and ignore the details, and so see what is going on), but surely not good enough for my own work! </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: large;">2. You need to find an expert in your area of work to get the papers vetted before you send them out. You don't want to get rejected because your paper looks inappropriate or not a fit for the journal. [Recently, I had this happen twice--two different papers. I sent them off, one got reviewed, but the review was essentially <i>What is this doing here?</i> I have done this more often than is prudent, more as a way of getting something off my desk. It's stupid. I've survived, but <u>I do not recommend following in my footsteps</u>.]</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">3. More generally, your advisor or someone who takes you under their wing is essential to your career. At the beginning, to acculturate you to the particular field, later, to nominate you for prizes and write letters of reference. Some of us might make it without such, barely. But in my experience there is always the kindness of strangers who are supportive. I recently made a list, keeping in mind that my PhD was finished in 1968, that it was in physics, not the field I have published in (all my "physics/mathematics" books are about models we use in social science), etc--and it was a list that made me grateful for those "strangers" who in fact became friends.</span></div>
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Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-56127760816025918322016-11-23T09:39:00.001-08:002016-11-23T09:39:12.249-08:00Contribution, Numbers, Statistics. Note the Trigger Warning at the end.<div style="background: white;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>You
all know what I am saying below... </b> I am not at all saying that we abandon citation numbers,
etc. I've just seen too many manipulations, gaming the system, misleading
claims, so that in the end I only ask: <u>what is the contribution?, what is the
quality?, did they do the work?</u> Yes I use <i>Consumer Reports</i>, and I tend to
ignore small differences in scores, and go for the higher number even though they tell me that differences of three points or less do not matter--just because it is easy, and the
consequences are minor. But here we are talking about something of greater
consequence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Numbers in promotion packets
may even be helpful, but in general they are manipulated. I've probably read
1000 dossiers, and so have seen lots of numbers (claimed to be
statistics), only some of which are not faked one way or the other. In general,
very low or very high numbers are indicative, but they ought be checked against
your other evidence, and be treated with suspicion (this is my experience,
having been bamboozled at first more than once--if there is a university promotion committee, the
best part is that what you miss your colleague will discover). So I have read
about 10,000 reference letters, and something like 25%, at best, are
really helpful. I know of one distinguished scientist who checks his
h-index value each Friday--but he is at the very top of his field, very well
recognized and rewarded.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">1. In
general, <u>what matters in the end is your contribution to scholarship</u>.
That is a substantive notion, and letters of reference and your personal
statement should indicate that. MIT's economics department, at least in 1980,
asked only that question. Numbers of publications, venues, citations, etc are
only secondary. I do appreciate the need for numbers and statistics (if they
are really statistics rather than numbers misrepresenting themselves as
statistics). And playing Moneyball has proved extraordinarily useful, revealing
what human judgment misses. Kahneman and Tversky have much to teach us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">
As for numbers and rankings, it would be useful to have the most
elementary of measures of uncertainty attached to them. When rankings differ by
a tenth of a point, it surely matters for bragging, but not for actual
information. See # 5 below. The numbers we get from citation sources are
claimed to be complete samples, but in fact they are often polluted with junk.
What should be the errors assigned to them?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">2. If
you are using numbers, and almost all citation "statistics" are just numbers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">
a. comparisons with a relevant cohort are useful<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">
b. be sure they are not stuffed--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">
1. do most of the citations come from when someone was a postdoc with a
famous scholar--so that you compare your candidate with someone elsewhere with
terrific numbers, but in fact the high-number scholar's number come from
that postdoc period<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">
2. is the source of the numbers reliable--Google overcounts, ISI does not count books but is the most studied by the sociologists of science<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">
3. do they accord with what you know of the contribution?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">3. Again
I understand the need for these numbers in rankings etc. Just be sure you are
getting what you are paying for. Of course, you may be willing to allow the
market to use these numbers and rankings to value your goods, but are you so
happy when your value goes way down?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">4. Universities are fabulous at pumping themselves up--eg. Best in the West, heralding its new
rankings in someone's system etc,... Again, <u>I want a university the
football team would be proud of </u>(said by the coach at U. Oklahoma in 1922 to
the state legislature to get better support for the University)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">5.
<b>Trigger warning, PG or R rating</b>: When I was a little boy, the New York Post
regularly gave the stats of women, beginning with the size of their brassiere.
Bigger was better, and Jayne Mansfield topped them all, as I recall. (Her
daughter, ?Marrissa Hargitay, stars in a current TV series.) Currently, men's
claims have entered the political realm, and historically, codpieces for men,
and in the 1980s socks stuffed in men's briefs, and pornographic movies of the
1970s and 80s featured such claims or visible evidence. I gather from women I
know, bigger may not be better, for it is how you use your instrument that
matters. In certain cities, a combination of silicone and exercise have a dramatic effect on the numbers and looks of women. In others, plastic surgery plays a large role. And I was told many times, that you marry someone who would be a good
mother or father to your children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">
My point here is that attend to what matters, and use the numbers
(pretending to be statistics) to check your intuitions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]-->Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-32656228389799362972016-11-18T19:53:00.001-08:002016-11-18T19:55:47.623-08:00Contributions to Scholarship: Books, Deep and Rich Articles, Projects<div style="color: #333333; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif;">
Recently I received a request for information on publications from Planetizen. We were expected to count publications. What was striking to me was that books <strong>and </strong>edited volumes were in one category. Scholarly strength is rarely indicated by an edited volume, although the organizational and personal strengths play a substantial role. To write a book is an entirely different enterprise.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif;">
Similarly, if we count articles, the venue of appearance matters enormously. And so does the length. If you publish long detailed articles about your research, the amount of work required is <em>likely</em> much greater than if you publish several short articles. Intense detailed work takes a very long time to be done properly. </div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif;">
Obviously, we will continue to develop rankings and count things in various ways. But <b>I want to encourage colleagues in our field to take on substantial projects, perhaps involving two or three or more years of work. Only then is the contribution likely to be substantial. </b>Yes, there are very influential articles that are brief, or that are think pieces, or controversial. But planning needs the kinds of deep studies that lead, if not to books, to a series of increasingly influential articles. Robert Sampson, of Chicago and now Harvard, provides one such model, for example. I'm sure there are others.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif;">
You want to improve practice and understanding, you want to take up intellectual space. </div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif;">
I realize that if you are in a tenure track job, and your work will be judged about five to seven years down the line, there is a temptation to grind it out. But the moment you have tenure, you ought to consider more demanding projects. Our academic positions are great privileges. Let us take advantage of them. It may be effectively entrepreneurial to organize stuff, edit volumes, publish lots of articles. But if you want to make a contribution that will be recognized over the long run, that may not be the way to go.<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">I should add that in some fields the norm is the article that reports on a particular study, the contribution being a series of such articles. I have no objection to that. Just be sure that that series adds up.</span><br />
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-78812984694219500742016-11-10T09:25:00.002-08:002016-11-10T09:26:19.047-08:00Binding Your Strongest to Your Institution: Acting Proactively<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->I was emailing with a friend at another
institution, and she wrote me:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: large;">I
have a long standing policy of not negotiating using outside
offers. This is built on the idea that all information is available ex-ante
as well as after an external offer is obtained. Good management acts
ex-ante. If one has to act ex-post, then it is better to take
the outside offer. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Over the years, I have seen
many an institution <u>not</u> being proactive, that ex-ante move, and wait for an offer from a
peer institution. I understand why, given the not-so-rare promise of a dean that
someone is “world-class” or whatever. The
institution may well have been burned more than once, and the confidence needed to act
proactively may need to come from the Provost’s office I suspect. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The cases I am thinking of
are standouts, and the record speaks for itself. The institution would do well to act
proactively, and with those standouts make sure they are bound to the institution as far as
the institution can provide as long as the colleague is not being <u>overly</u> greedy
(greedy is fine).</span><o:p></o:p></div>
Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-11460091408497319302016-11-05T17:28:00.000-07:002016-11-05T17:28:00.958-07:00Who visits the blog?<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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24566</div>
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Ukraine</div>
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</div>
</div>
</td><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-s OMGM5KC-lc-n" style="border: 2px solid rgb(243, 247, 251); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1134" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
3030</div>
</td></tr>
<tr __gwt_row="2" __gwt_subrow="0" class="OMGM5KC-lc-b" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-c OMGM5KC-lc-d" style="border: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1133" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="OMGM5KC-d-k" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; width: 220px;">
Russia</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
</div>
</td><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-c OMGM5KC-lc-n" style="border: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1134" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2635</div>
</td></tr>
<tr __gwt_row="3" __gwt_subrow="0" class="OMGM5KC-lc-r" style="background: rgb(243, 247, 251); border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-s OMGM5KC-lc-d" style="border: 2px solid rgb(243, 247, 251); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1133" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="OMGM5KC-d-k" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; width: 220px;">
Germany</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
</div>
</td><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-s OMGM5KC-lc-n" style="border: 2px solid rgb(243, 247, 251); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1134" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
1707</div>
</td></tr>
<tr __gwt_row="4" __gwt_subrow="0" class="OMGM5KC-lc-b" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-c OMGM5KC-lc-d" style="border: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1133" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="OMGM5KC-d-k" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; width: 220px;">
France</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
</div>
</td><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-c OMGM5KC-lc-n" style="border: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1134" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
1669</div>
</td></tr>
<tr __gwt_row="5" __gwt_subrow="0" class="OMGM5KC-lc-r" style="background: rgb(243, 247, 251); border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-s OMGM5KC-lc-d" style="border: 2px solid rgb(243, 247, 251); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1133" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="OMGM5KC-d-k" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; width: 220px;">
China</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
</div>
</td><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-s OMGM5KC-lc-n" style="border: 2px solid rgb(243, 247, 251); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1134" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
1210</div>
</td></tr>
<tr __gwt_row="6" __gwt_subrow="0" class="OMGM5KC-lc-b" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-c OMGM5KC-lc-d" style="border: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1133" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="OMGM5KC-d-k" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; width: 220px;">
United Kingdom</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
</div>
</td><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-c OMGM5KC-lc-n" style="border: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1134" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
826</div>
</td></tr>
<tr __gwt_row="7" __gwt_subrow="0" class="OMGM5KC-lc-r" style="background: rgb(243, 247, 251); border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-s OMGM5KC-lc-d" style="border: 2px solid rgb(243, 247, 251); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1133" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="OMGM5KC-d-k" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; width: 220px;">
Poland</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
</div>
</td><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-s OMGM5KC-lc-n" style="border: 2px solid rgb(243, 247, 251); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1134" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
777</div>
</td></tr>
<tr __gwt_row="8" __gwt_subrow="0" class="OMGM5KC-lc-b" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-c OMGM5KC-lc-d" style="border: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1133" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="OMGM5KC-d-k" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; width: 220px;">
Turkey</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
</div>
</td><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-c OMGM5KC-lc-n" style="border: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1134" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
703</div>
</td></tr>
<tr __gwt_row="9" __gwt_subrow="0" class="OMGM5KC-lc-r" style="background: rgb(243, 247, 251); border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-s OMGM5KC-lc-d" style="border: 2px solid rgb(243, 247, 251); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1133" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="OMGM5KC-d-k" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; width: 220px;">
Canada</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
</div>
</td><td class="OMGM5KC-lc-a OMGM5KC-lc-s OMGM5KC-lc-n" style="border: 2px solid rgb(243, 247, 251); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div __gwt_cell="cell-gwt-uid-1134" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
594</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td><td align="left" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top;" width="20px"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 20px;">
</div>
</td><td align="left" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top;" width="460px"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
It is striking to me that the two main visitors outside the US, Ukraine and Russia, are only slightly less in sum than from all other countries.Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-83725845541393359882016-11-05T17:20:00.003-07:002016-11-05T17:20:32.800-07:00Mentors and Mentees and the Rules of the GameMost scholars, usually somewhere in graduate school, learn how to make their CV be presentable and effective. They are perhaps guided by their advisor, or by following the practices of someone thought to be exemplary. What is crucial is that their CV from then on is standardized enough so that they can be evaluated without irrelevant considerations.<br />
<br />
Once someone receives a very high prize (Nobel, National Humanities Medal,...), they might well have a very short CV, at least for public consumption. But in general, the CV covers the achievements over the years. In some fields, a CV might well be 40+ pages long since every talk, presentation, etc, is listed. However, in general it is much better to have a CV that is scannable--major awards, degrees, positions, scholarly work, and maybe a list of doctoral students supervised, significant service, and some more popular work. The idea is not to dilute the impression by combining less significant achievements with truly important ones. Moreover, once one is a professor of some sort, or has the advanced degree, achievements earlier on are not mentioned.<br />
<br />
If there are so many publications, one might well list those of the last decade with a few significant ones that were earlier. If there are so many presentations, again selection may be useful.<br />
<br />
If you have received many honorary degrees, so that your basement-office walls are completely covered by framed documents, you will want to figure out a way of listing them that does not go on forever.<br />
<br />
And if you have had many collaborators in your work, it's not clear that you ought bold your name in the list of papers' authors. Better just let people find you.<br />
<br />
The idea in all cases is to make sure that by page 3 or 4, you've quietly displayed your most significant vitae--the books, the awards, the grants, the positions, the leadership... Ideally, pages one and two give most of it away. If you've published 40 books, and been the major author on all, then you might well still have only a selection of the books listed.<br />
<br />
And if you do not have too many achievements, say because you are just starting out, don't fluff it up.Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-58343567967307440962016-11-05T17:07:00.003-07:002016-11-05T17:07:42.795-07:00Public Administration, National Socialism StyleIn reading about the Third Reich, one is impressed by its bureaucratic professionalism. As in all bureaucracies, people go around the rules and bosses may well violate them with especial force. But for most public administrators, the bureaucratic processes are normative and not to be broken except in small ways. So in Nazi Germany, if there were to be "arrangements" to exterminate "undesirable" populations, that would be done according to the rules and the bureaucratic processes. Evil can be quite banal. Moreover, there are conflicts among bureaucracies, so that if the Foreign Office thought that Axis allies might be upset by such arrangements for some foreign-nationals (who surely were Jewish, perhaps only of mixed descent), and the cooperation of those allies was needed by the State, those arrangements would not be followed through. So in Berlin, some Jews were "protected" by Sweden, for they were in some sense Swedish, or the Swedes had decided to so treat them--for the Foreign Office prevailed over the efforts to make Berlin "Judenrein." The interests of the State might some of the time conflict with shipping people "East." Since Sweden represented countries such as the Soviet Union, in German, Russian Jews would in fact not be sent East. And if the bureaucracy was too busy with other tasks, or was only partially assiduous, other Jews might well survive since they slipped through the bureaucratic processes.<br />
<br />
None of this makes Sweden or bureaucracy wonderful. Rather, that Weberian bureaucracy, a feature of the modern state, can surely do wondrous evil but some of the time its processes become entangled in higher bureaucratic demands.<br />
<br />Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-78713246839942641672016-07-25T20:21:00.000-07:002016-07-25T20:25:52.825-07:00Mentoring Our ColleaguesI have been asked to mentor some of my colleagues, especially those earlier in their careers. I am not an agent of our dean or the university, rather my focus is on being of use for the person I am talking to. Here are some discoveries I have made, often surprising to me.<br />
<br />
1. Although planning is a profession, and we are seen as a professional school, there is ambivalence about applied vs. theoretical work, or so my colleagues tell me they perceive in the system. I tell them to work on their most important problems and fields, and we can justify its theoretical or applied nature once we have the work in hand. Faculty's major contribution is to choose problems or issues and pursue them vigorously--that is what they can provide to the profession and the university.<br />
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2. People who have quite nice publication histories are worried about having enough stuff. Someone told them they should publish, say, two articles a year--but this is in fact rarely done, and often done by those who publish with many co-authors. Of course, you have to have a substantial contribution in terms of pages and appropriate venues. But what you want to f<u>ocus on is the contribution to scholarship made by your work and your contribution to jointly authored work</u>. Hence, you want to write two brief statements.<br />
a. the contribution to advancing scholarship: what are the two or three main contributions that distinguish your work. This should be no more than 200 words.<br />
b. What you did in joint work. This is not meant to go through each paper, rather to indicate generally your role: pose question, fieldwork, grant getting, writing,...<br />
<br />
3. You are not a professor for 5-7 years, but for a career that may well last 30-40 years. So you want to write a statement, again less than 200 words, that is <u>a description of your planned trajectory for the next 5-8 years, and perhaps some long term objective if you might discern one</u>.<br />
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4. Often people are so buried in their work, in putting out papers, writing grant applications, whatever, they are not explicitly aware of what it is they are doing. You want to w<u>rite a statement of what you are up to, what you are trying to do, again 200 words</u>. This is the proverbial elevator speech, albeit such a speech actually is likely 100 words.<br />
<br />
All such statements should be understandable by a dean or a provost who is not in your field.<br />
<br />
5. Some people are unable to convert drafts and working papers into published work. One needs to take on one or two or three such drafts and for each one devote a day to getting it into shape. No more than a day. Show what you have to a colleague. Take their advice and submit it to an appropriate venue. In other words, take the risk of rejection, but also there is the pleasure of doing work.<br />
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6. If you are pursuing a serious line of research, research that might deeply affect your field [no more than ten percent of us are so engaged], make sure you are not diverted by duties other than teaching. There are so few of you, the university and the field need you. Tell your dean or chair or whoever is diverting you that you are engaged in this line of research, and you must get it out while it still might be important.<br />
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7. If you are coming up for tenure or promotion, it is a good idea to look around and see if there are other institutions that would be better for you. Your own institution may not value what is has in front of itself, and they only way they wake up is if you are being bid away. No threats to leave, for you don't want them to tell you to go. But deans do not want to lose the faculty they wish they could keep because they did not realize what they needed to do. And if your institution does not rise to the occasion, very very graciously indicate that you are grateful for all the your current institution has invested in you, and now you are moving on to a place that will allow you to make further and deeper contributions. You may be denied tenure, but another institution may value you appropriately. And then go out and do a bang up job, and let your current institution realize the errors of its ways.<br />
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8. What's crucial is what others think of your work--especially those most prominent in your field at the strongest institutions.<br />
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9. There may well be monsters in your department who are trying to do you in. Consult with your closest colleagues and see what you might do. And of course seek other positions. Again, your colleagues may well be too unwilling to take on the monster, but they ought pay for their lack of courage.<br />
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10. If you discover you don't like writing, or don't like teaching, or hate your institution, move as soon as is possible. Find a role that suits your strengths. It's awful to be an eternal associate professor in the modern university. Somebody up there really wants you--find that somebody. Again, thank your colleagues profusely for bringing you to where you are, and don't look back. If you choose to have a career at a research institution that is not a university, or in a consulting firm, or perhaps in finance or whatever, keep in mind that some of your former colleagues are envying you, and more importantly you are likely making more money and having more fun now. Some of us do not want to take care of other people's teenage and young-adult children, and that is no shame.<br />
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There will be more added to this list....<br />
<br />Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-82653544762649143702016-06-30T10:34:00.001-07:002016-06-30T10:34:31.307-07:00Publicizing Your Work<span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">You disseminate your work through presentations at meetings, through scholarly publications, through invited talks at other institutions. You may write popular articles. You may well have a web page and even a blog. (If you want help in setting these up, please ask me. There are </span><i style="font-size: 18.6667px;">easy</i><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"> cost-free ways of doing this nicely.) And I am sure you send out preprints or offprints or electronic files to colleagues elsewhere, as well as the </span><i style="font-size: 18.6667px;">ssrn</i><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"> network or </span><i style="font-size: 18.6667px;">arXiv</i><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">. In general, we work much harder at doing our work and writing it up, than in making sure it is appreciated more widely. As you must be aware, publication is only the beginning of having your work become impactful, and often it is the last move, your having given talks about the work at various institutions and received comments from audiences so making the published work much stronger. (We all read the acknowledgements in papers, where the venues are listed, the useful readers mentioned, etc. This is part of an implicit claim that</span><i style="font-size: 18.6667px;">this</i><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"> paper is important.)</span><br />
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As I have mentioned before, I have been doing brief podcasts for <i>Academic Minute</i>. They offer me a chance to give an "elevator speech" to a bigger audience, so to speak. Actually, I have no idea of the size of their audience. For me, the value lies in my being forced to say it all in about 1'40", something like 275 words. You might consider this venue. I am sure there are other venues that are better. Think of this a way of focusing your thinking. I have placed below a link to my podcasts.</div>
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Just for those of you who think all of this is vulgar self-promotion: I know of <i>no</i> distinguished scholars who do not engage in publicizing their work, often shamelessly so. (It's not the self-promotion that makes them distinguished, it is the work itself. Lots of scholars who are excellent at promotion may not achieve distinction because their work is not so strong.) They are telling the scholarly community of their research, and that community, by definition, should be interested in advances and improvements. There are <i>no</i> quiet geniuses, as far as I know. (Even the scholars who are recluses make sure that the "right people" know of their work, and know that those right people will publicize it. If they don't formally publish, they send out working papers. On the other hand, unpublished articles and books, especially if they are longstanding, are dismissed unless you have a very distinguished list of previous publications.)</div>
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MK</div>
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Here are some of my podcasts:</div>
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<a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2016/06/30/academic-minute-sounds-city?utm_source=Inside+Higher+Ed&utm_campaign=c3d228de60-DNU20160630&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1fcbc04421-c3d228de60-198214817" target="_blank" title="https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2016/06/30/academic-minute-sounds-city?utm_source=Inside+Higher+Ed&utm_campaign=c3d228de60-DNU20160630&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1fcbc04421-c3d228de60-198214817
Ctrl+Click to follow link">https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2016/06/30/academic-minute-sounds-city?utm_source=Inside+Higher+Ed&utm_campaign=c3d228de60-DNU20160630&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1fcbc04421-c3d228de60-198214817</a></div>
Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-2822370216729604642016-05-28T09:03:00.003-07:002016-05-28T09:04:03.913-07:00Making your work stand up to criticism. <span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">Recently, I have been rereading chapters in two or my earlier books, from 1996 and 2003 (2nd edn, 2013), with echos from my 1992 (2nd edn 2012) book. I have been trying to understand why various counting procedures, arithmetically adding up individual interactions in a city--lead to macroscopic accounts that exhibit scaling symmetry (eg. fractals)--things look "the same" at various scales. (In the last twenty years this has been a recurrent theme in empirical research, and actually goes back a hundred years at least, as in Bachelier's work on security prices</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">.) </span><br />
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There are similar phenomena in mathematics, so that a way of packaging all the prime numbers into a single function--Riemann's zeta function--was shown by Riemann (1850s) to be related to a function that exhibited scaling, the theta function (earlier in the century, Fourier used theta to describe the flows of heat), where the world looks the same at various scales. [You know this from the central limit theorem of statistics, where a sum of gaussians is a gaussian at a larger scale.] Or, somewhat differently, in a spatial model of a city, where interactions among people or institutions is only with your neighbors, we might have remarkable city-wide phenomena such as homogeneous neighborhoods and heterogeneity among neighborhoods. [That this might have been sourced in zoning, red-lining, discrimination, Tiebout sorting, geomorphology, is surely the case. But even without such, you get this heterogeneity of homogeneity.] Yet, if it becomes a bit more difficult to maintain such neighborhood interactions (much as amazon.com has upset neighborhood commerce), one again sees such scaling behavior--with homogeneous neighborhoods adjacent to differently homogeneous neighborhoods, and regions that are comparatively homogeneous next to differently homogeneous other regions (each region itself exhibiting that heterogeneity of homogeneity).</div>
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My point is that <u>one wants to write in such a way that if you look at what you wrote 20+ years ago, you want to feel that you did a good job then,</u> even if you have subsequently discovered improvements or errors. You want to tell yourself something to the effect that you are surprised that you had been able to do that then. <span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">"I knew that then?"</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> (Surely, in retrospect there will be passages you are embarrassed about, as well. Even whole articles.) </span></div>
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The secret is to write carefully, to say just what you know to be the case, to separate out speculation, and to make your arguments clear and cogent. For 20 years from now, you will be the audience, the readers of your work (now) who are not you.</div>
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<span dir="ltr"><b style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15799coll64" tabindex="0">LA Industry</a> <a href="http://www.usc.edu/sppd/parismarville" tabindex="0">Paris</a> <a href="http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~sound/index_files/Page362.html" tabindex="0">Swapmeet Entrepreneurs</a> <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/davidcharleskrieger/" tabindex="0">David Krieger's Work</a></span></b></span></div>
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Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-23584939989474609012016-04-25T16:58:00.001-07:002016-04-25T16:58:28.935-07:00Could Your Department be The Warriors: Character, Strength in Numbers<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.6667px;">NOTE If you would prefer another team, say the San Antonio Spurs (with Duncan, Gino'bili, and Parker) I am sure we can make the change in the remarks below.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.6667px;">In watching the Golden State Warriors vs. the Houston Rockets yesterday, there was a clip where the Warriors' coach Steve Kerr said something to them to the effect that how they would play today would show their </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.6667px;">character</i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.6667px;">. And when Steph Curry could not play in the second half, Kerr referred to their theme, </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.6667px;">Strength in Numbers</i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.6667px;">.</span><br />
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Schools and departments are ranked and evaluated as a whole. Professors may see themselves as individual scholars, and evaluated as such (salary, offers from other institutions,...). But we as a school are evaluated as a whole, in the rankings, in students' choice to attend our school, etc. In effect, detailed information about individual faculty is less influential in these evaluations than is that overall impression (surely affected by your stars and the depth of your bench). </div>
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That means that we must have Strength in Numbers. Showing up with our students at the relevant meetings, publishing in the most-read, most-prestigious journals, invited to give talks at the right places as well as everywhere else. Franchise players, like Steph Curry, do not make the Warriors so formidable without their being part of a team who has the character to deliver when Curry is not there.</div>
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The next five years aare a chance for us to show our character, and to instantiate Strength in Numbers. For departments and field committees, that means a sense of focus as departments and degrees. For research centers, that means that not only are centers sources of scholarly publications, they are as well sources of syntheses so that they provide informed overviews of policy in their area. For individuals, not only must we step up our quality, we need to figure out how to help our colleagues do so as well. (Quite crucially, we need to figure out what <i>not </i>to do, what tasks to lay by the wayside, so that we can focus on what is most crucial. We cannot do it all, and we cannot play injured for long.)</div>
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What I am talking about is likely quite incredible, since leading a department is likened to herding cats. We are going to have to coach ourselves, since there is little reason to believe that instituional demands on chairs and deans will enable them to be coaches as well (but if they are Steve Kerr-like so much the better). Perhaps geniuses are a dime a dozen, as in that quote I sent you. But we can make each other's work better and more effective. </div>
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You will readily note that I have no practical prescriptions. I know it is difficult to change individuals. I write this under the influence of watching basketball on television on a Sunday afternoon. I'm hoping that we can over the next few months, as we sculpt our departments, figure out how to show our character and have Strength in Numbers.</div>
Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-39874139936326075802016-04-20T10:16:00.004-07:002016-04-20T10:17:11.043-07:00Edward Teller, Genius, Safety. Emil Artin (mathematician) on course loads, and insisting on teaching freshman calculus<div id="divRpF423774" style="direction: ltr;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small;"> From Dyson's Biographical Memoir of <b>Edward Telle</b>r for the National Academy of Sciences</span></div>
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If you want a genius for your staff, don't take Teller, get Gamow. But geniuses are a dime a dozen. Teller is something much better. He helps everybody. He works on everybody's problems. He never gets into controversies or has trouble with anyone. [Tuve's letter of reference to Chicago for Teller]<br />
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<span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">A much larger fraction of Livermore bomb tests failed [than those at Los Alamos], but Teller considered failed tests as a badge of honor...</span><br />
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Safety must be guaranteed by the laws of nature and not by engineered safeguards. [Teller on reactor design.]</div>
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From <i>Bulletin of the AMS</i>, vol 50,#2. <b>Emil Artin</b> was one of the great mathematicians of the 20th century.</div>
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While at Indiana, Artin taught three classes each semester plus the graduate seminar, which he held on Monday or Tuesday evenings, depending on the term. He taught across the mathematics curriculum. In the fall of 1940, for example, Artin taught8 • Math 210a, Advanced Calculus, • Math 357a, Relativity, • Math 334a, Algebra and Number Theory, • Math 322, Graduate Seminar. In the spring of 1945, he taught • Math 103a, Trigonometry, • Math 210b, Advanced Calculus, • Math 213, Differential Equations, • Math 322, Graduate Seminar.</div>
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Later at Princeton: Indeed, Artin initially declined the position because “the Fine Chair does no teaching. I will not give up my freshman calculus course and so I must respectfully decline the honor.” Apparently Tucker consulted with university lawyers about the exact terms of the Fine endowment and they determined that voluntary teaching was permissible. With that issue resolved, Artin accepted the Fine Chair.</div>
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Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4663933761140330096.post-10809400807894499052016-04-19T12:19:00.003-07:002016-04-19T12:19:19.590-07:00Talent and Top Performance: The Role for Those With More Limited Talent is Still Wide Open<div style="font-size: 18.6667px;">
I am sure that at the top of the performance hierarchy, natural talent matters. Below that, and including at that level, one must be hard-working, practice lots, be reasonably intelligent, disciplined, etc. My feeling is that for most professors in most fields, they are well below the top, and those characteristics of hard work etc matter the most. There are some fields, mathematics, musicianship, ... where you do have to have lots of natural talent to get anyplace at all. And if the university tenures people only after two books or after about ten years (Harvard, MIT, ...) , with stellar references, it's likely that more of its faculty has both high performance and natural talent.</div>
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On the other hand, if you have <i>some </i>natural talent, it is easier to get better and that may affect your willingness to work. More generally, matching your self to the potential role/work is important.</div>
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What this adds up to is that many more people can be trained/educated for many of these roles dealing with uncertainty. And some people will prove to be naturals, others will not but will be more than good enough and quite committed (the trouble with naturals is whether they are willing to be committed, be coached, realize they are not quite as good as they might believe).</div>
Martin Kriegerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17100244285163242062noreply@blogger.com0